Impembelelo kwizixhobo zokupakisha kwindalo kunye nezixhobo
Izixhobo sisiseko kunye nenqanaba langaphambili lophuhliso loqoqosho noluntu. Kwinkqubo yokuvunwa kwezixhobo, ukukhutshwa, ukulungiswa, ukuvelisa, ukuhambisa, ukuhambisa, ukusebenzisa, kwelinye icala, kukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yempucuko yomntu, kwelinye icala. Ikwasebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye nezixhobo ezininzi, kwaye ikhuphe igesi enkulu yenkunkuma, amanzi anqabileyo kunye nentsalela yenkunkuma, ukungcolisa imeko yokuphila yabantu. Iinkcukacha-manani ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba, ukusuka kuhlalutyo lwexeshana lokuhlala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nonobangela wokunqongophala kwabo ngomnye woxanduva olubandakanya ukunqongophala kwamandla, ukupheliswa kwezixhobo ezigqithisileyo kunye nokupheliswa kwezixhobo ezigqithisileyo kunye nokupheliswa kwezixhobo. Ngoncedo lwezinto zorhwebo kunye nokuphuma ngokukhawuleza komzi-mveliso wokupakisha, izinto zokupakisha nazo zijongana nengxaki efanayo. Ngokutsho kwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ukusetyenziswa kwangoku ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokupakisha emhlabeni yi-145kg ngonyaka. Phakathi kweetoni ezingama-600 ezigidi zenkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo esekwe emhlabeni minyaka le, inkunkuma yokupakisha imalunga ne-16 yezigidi, i-accounting ye-25% yomthamo wazo zonke iidolophu. I-15% yobunzima. Kuyacingelwa ukuba inani elimangalisayo elimangalisayo liya kukhokelela kungcoliseko lwendalo kunye nenkunkuma yezixhobo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokukodwa, "ungcoliseko olumhlophe" olubangelwa yiphakheji yokupakisha yeplastiki engenawonakaliswa iminyaka engama-200 ukuya kwengama-400 iyabonakala kwaye ixhalabile.
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Impembelelo kwizixhobo zokupakisha kwindalo kunye nezixhobo zibonakaliswa kwimiba emithathu.
(1) Ungcoliseko olubangelwa yinkqubo yemveliso yezixhobo zokupakisha
Kwimveliso yokufakwa kwezinto zokupakisha, ezinye izinto eziluhlaza zisenziwa ukuba zenze izinto zokupakisha, kwaye ezinye izinto ezingahlambulukiyo zingcoliseka kwaye zikhutshiwe kwindalo. Umzekelo, igesi ekhutshiweyo igesi, amanzi amdaka, amanzi amaninzi enkanuko kunye nezinto eziyingozi, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukuphinda zisebenze, zizenzele ingozi kwindawo engqongileyo.
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(2) Uhlobo olungelulo oluhlaza lwezinto ezenziweyo ngokwalo lubangela ungcoliseko
Izinto zokupakisha (kubandakanya neziko) zinokungcolisa umxholo okanye indalo esingqongileyo ngenxa yotshintsho kwiikhemikhali zabo. Umzekelo, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) inozinzo olugwenxa. Kwiqondo lokushisa (malunga ne-14 ° C), i-hydrogen ne-hydrogen kunye ne-chlorine enetyhefu iya kuncitshiswa, eya kungcolisa iziqulatho (amazwe amaninzi ethintela i-PVC njengephakeji yokutya). Xa uvutha, i-hydrogen chloride (HCC) iveliswa, kukhokelela kwimvula yeasidi. Ukuba ukunamathela okusetyenziselwa ukupakisha yi-Solvent-isekwe kwi-Solvent, iya kubangela ungcoliseko ngenxa yetyhefu yayo. I-CHLOROFOROCROCROCROCOCROCOCOCOCOCOCARK (CFC) esetyenziswe kumzi-mveliso wokupakisha njengee-agents ezingcolileyo ukuba zivelise i-foam ye-foam ye-culrict ye-ozone etshabalalisayo emhlabeni, izisa intlekele enkulu ebantwini, izisa intlekele enkulu ebantwini.
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(3) Inkunkuma yezinto zokupakisha ibangela ungcoliseko
Ukupakisha ubukhulu becala ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elinye, kwaye malunga ne-80% yenani elikhulu leemveliso zokupakisha ziyinkunkuma. Ukusuka kwimbono yehlabathi, inkunkuma eqinileyo eyenziwe ngeeakhawunti zephaji malunga ne-1/3 yomgangatho wenkunkuma eqinileyo yasedolophini. Izinto zokupakishwa ezihambelanayo zibangela inkunkuma enkulu yezixhobo, kwaye uninzi lwezixhobo ezingenamsebenzi okanye ezingezizo zibonisa eyona nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu yokungcoliseka kwendalo esingqongileyo, ngakumbi iplastiki yokulahlwa kweplastiki yeflethi kunye neplastiki yokulahlwa kweplate yetafile. "Ungcoliseko olumhlophe" olulwa zizingxobo zokuthenga yeyona ndlela yongcoliseko olukhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
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IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-14 ukuya ku-1222