Impembelelo yezinto zokupakisha kwindalo kunye nezibonelelo
Izixhobo zisisiseko kunye nenduleli yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho nentlalontle yesizwe. Kwinkqubo yokuvuna izinto eziphathekayo, ukukhutshwa, ukulungiswa, ukuveliswa, ukusetyenzwa, ukuthutha, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahla, kwelinye icala, kukhuthaza uphuhliso lwentlalo kunye noqoqosho kunye nenkqubela yempucuko yabantu, kwelinye icala. Ikwasebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye nemithombo yobutyebi, kwaye ikhupha igesi eninzi eyinkunkuma, amanzi amdaka kunye nentsalela yenkunkuma, ingcolisa indawo ehlala abantu. Ubalo-manani olwahlukeneyo lubonisa ukuba, ukusuka kuhlalutyo lokuxinana kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi kunye nonobangela osisiseko wokungcoliseka kwendalo, imathiriyeli kunye nokuveliswa kwazo yenye yoxanduva oluphambili olubangela ukunqongophala kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuncipha. Ngokuchuma kwempahla kunye nokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kweshishini lokupakisha, izinto zokupakisha nazo zijongene nengxaki efanayo. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ukusetyenziswa kwangoku komntu ngamnye kwezinto zokupakisha kwihlabathi yi-145kg ngonyaka. Phakathi kwama-600 ezigidi zeetoni zenkunkuma engamanzi kunye neqinileyo eveliswa ehlabathini minyaka le, inkunkuma epakishwayo imalunga ne-16 lezigidi zeetoni, ithatha i-25% yomthamo wayo yonke inkunkuma yasezidolophini. I-15% yobunzima. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani elimangalisayo elinjalo liya kukhokelela kungcoliseko olumandla lwemekobume kunye nokuchithwa kwemithombo yobutyebi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokukodwa, "ungcoliseko olumhlophe" olubangelwa yinkunkuma yokupakisha yeplastiki engenako ukuthotywa iminyaka engama-200 ukuya kuma-400 iyabonakala kwaye iyakhathaza.
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Impembelelo yezinto zokupakisha kokusingqongileyo kunye nezibonelelo zibonakaliswa kwiinkalo ezintathu.
(1) Ukungcola okubangelwa yinkqubo yokuvelisa izinto zokupakisha
Kwimveliso yezinto zokupakisha, ezinye zezinto ezisetyenziswayo zicutshungulwa ukwenza izinto zokupakisha, kwaye ezinye zezinto eziluhlaza zingcolisa kwaye zikhutshelwe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, irhasi yenkunkuma ekhutshiweyo, amanzi amdaka, intsalela yenkunkuma kunye nezinto eziyingozi, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziswe, zibangela umonakalo kwindawo engqongileyo.
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(2) Ubume obungaluhlaza bezinto zokupakisha ngokwazo zenza ungcoliseko
Izinto zokupakisha (kubandakanywa nezincedisi) zinokungcolisa okuqulethweyo okanye okusingqongileyo ngenxa yotshintsho kwiimpawu zazo zekhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) inozinzo olubi lwe-thermal. Kwiqondo lobushushu elithile (malunga ne-14°C), i-hydrogen kunye neklorini enetyhefu iya kubola, eya kungcolisa iziqulatho (amazwe amaninzi ayayinqanda i-PVC njengepakethe yokutya). Xa kutshiswa, ihydrogen chloride (HCI) iveliswa, nto leyo ebangela imvula eneasidi. Ukuba i-adhesive esetyenziselwa ukupakishwa isekelwe kwi-solvent, iya kubangela ungcoliseko ngenxa yetyhefu yayo. Iikhemikhali ze-chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lokupakisha njengee-arhente ezigwebu ugwebu ukuvelisa iiplastiki zogwebu ezahlukeneyo zezona zizathu ziphambili ekutshabalaliseni i-ozone layer emhlabeni, izisa iintlekele ezinkulu ebantwini.
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(3) Inkunkuma yezinto zokupakisha ibangela ungcoliseko
Ukupakisha ubukhulu becala kukusetyenziswa kanye, kwaye malunga ne-80% yenani elikhulu leemveliso zokupakisha ziba yinkunkuma yokupakisha. Ngokwembono yehlabathi, inkunkuma eqinileyo eyenziwe ngokupakishwa kwenkunkuma ibalelwa malunga ne-1/3 yomgangatho wenkunkuma eqinileyo yasezidolophini. Izinto zokupakisha ezihambelanayo zibangela inkcitho enkulu yemithombo, kwaye izinto ezininzi ezingonakali okanye ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziswe zenza eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo nebalulekileyo yokungcoliseka kwendalo, ngakumbi itafile yeplastiki enogwebu elahlayo kunye neplastiki elahlayo. “Ungcoliseko olumhlophe” olwenziwa ziingxowa zokuthenga lolona ngcoliseko lubi kokusingqongileyo.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2022