Icandelo lokuqala kukuchasana kokupakisha
1. Inkcazo yokupakisha
Kwi-Chinesegety yeSizwe seSizwe se-GB / T4122196, Inkcazo yokupakisha yile: igama elipheleleyo lezikhongozelo ezisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iimveliso kwisenzo senkqubo, siququzelela ukuthengisa. Ikwabhekisa kwimisebenzi yokusebenza apho iindlela ezithile zobuchwephesha zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa izikhongozeli, izixhobo kunye nee-auxilies ukufezekisa ezi njongo zingentla.
Qonda intsingiselo yokupakishwa kwemveliso, kubandakanya imiba emibini yentsingiselo: Kwisandla esinye ibhekisa kwimveliso, ebizwa ngokuba ziingxowa, iibhokisi, iibhakethi, iibhotile, njl.; Kwelinye icala, kubhekisa kwinkqubo yeemveliso zokupakisha, njengokupakisha, ukupakisha, njl.
Ukupakisha kwemveliso kuneempawu ezimbini, ezinje ngokungathobeki kunye nempahla yentengiso. Ukupakisha yinto yokufikelela kwimixholo yayo; Ukupakisha i-arimpidy. Njengebhokisi yomqhubi wecuba, ibhokisi yecuba, ibhokisi engenanto yecuba, ibhokisi yecuba engenanto, isikoIibhokisi zangaphambili, isikoIibhokisi zangaphambili, Kushushu ukuthengisa.
Iimveliso ezizodwa kwiziqulatho, zixabise kwaye zisebenzise ixabiso; Kwangelo xesha, oko kukukwindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqonda ukubaluleka kweemveliso zangaphakathi kunye nexabiso lokusebenzisa.
Ukuvelisa ukupakisha
Kuyakholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukupakisha kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa neemveliso kwaye kuyindlela eyimfuneko yokufezekisa ixabiso lemveliso kunye nexabiso lokusebenzisa. Ke ngoko, ukuveliswa kokupakisha kufuneka kubalwe ukusuka ekuqaleni kotshintshiselwano lweemveliso kwibutho labantu. Kwangelo xesha, ukwenziwa kokupakisha kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo kuphuhliso lwemveliso yemveliso. Ukwenziwa kokupakisha kunokwahlulwa kuba ngamanqanaba amathathu.
1. Inqanaba lokupakisha eliphambili
Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwemveliso yemveliso, emva kokuvela kotshintshiselwano lwemveliso, ukwenzela ukuqinisekiswa kweemveliso, isidingo sokuqala sithutho semveliso kunye nokugcinwa, oko kukuthi, ukuhamba kwexesha. Ngale ndlela, ukupakisha sele kuphuhlisiwe ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kwiimveliso. Ngeli xesha, ukupakisha kuhlala kubhekisa kwipakeji ephambili, oko kukuthi, ukugqiba umsebenzi wokupakisha okugqithisileyo, kusetyenziswa izikhongozeli zokupakisha ezifana neebhokisi, iibhasikithi kunye neengobozi. Kuba akukho phakheji incinci, imveliso kufuneka ihanjiswe kwintengiso.
2. Inqanaba lokupakisha
Okwangoku, akukho kuphela ukupakisha kuphela, kodwa kukufuphi na elincinci elidlala indima ekudluliseleni ubuhle. Ngokuphuhliswa kuqoqosho lwezorhwebo, zininzi kwaye zininzi iimveliso, kwaye amashishini ahlukeneyo avelisa iimveliso zemigangatho eyahlukeneyo kunye nemibala eyahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni, abavelisi basebenzise iimpawu zemveliso ukwahlula iimveliso zamashishini, emva koko basebenzise ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba badlulisele olu lwazi. Ngokhuphiswano lwentengiso oluvuthayo, ukupakisha elincinci emva koko kudlala indima yokulungisa nokukhuthaza iimveliso. Ngeli xesha, ukupakisha ngokuhamba ngokuyintloko kudlala indima yokukhusela, ngelixa kupakishe nje okuncinci kudlala indima yokwahlula iimveliso ezahlula-hlula iimveliso, ukuhombisa nokukhuthaza iimveliso. Ngenxa yephakheji encinci, imveliso ayifanelanga ihanjiswa kwintengiso, kodwa imveliso isakwaziswa kwaye ikhuthazwe ngumthengisi.
Ukuvela kwentengiso yevenkile enkulu kupakishe ukupakisha kwinqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso. 3. Ukupakisha ukuthengisa kube kwinqanaba lokuthengisa okuthe cwaka kwimveliso yokutshintsha kwentengiso, ukupakisha okuthengiswayo kuyinto ebalulekileyo yokufuna ukuthunyelwa, ukubaluleka kokufaka intengiso kwimveliso yokuthengisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendima kukhula. Kwangelo xesha, ukupakisha kwezothutho sele kuphuhlisiwe ukusuka kukhuseleko olulula kwicala lendlela yokuphucula ukusebenza ngokuphathwa kwempahla.
Uphuhliso lokupakisha kwinqanaba langoku lihlala libizwa ngokuba yipakisi yanamhlanje. Kwimveliso yeemveliso zanamhlanje, ukuxhomekeka kweemveliso zokupakisha kuya kuthi ngakumbi, kuyo yonke imveliso, ukuveliswa, ukujikeleza, ukuthengisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamasimi anzima ukuba kunzima ukwenza isangqa semveliso yentlalo. Ke ngoko, nangona izinto ezahlukeneyo zonyuso lwangoku, umsebenzi unyusa inani leendleko, ukupakisha kuseyinto yemveliso yangaphakathi, kwaye uphuhliso lwemveliso luya kuthintelwa yimveliso, iimpawu zemveliso yangaphakathi kunye neyona nto ichaphazela ukukhula kokupakisha. Ukongeza, intengiso yokupakisha ngokwayo iyaqhubeka ngakumbi kwaye icacile ngakumbi kwimveliso yemveliso yanamhlanje. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukupakishwa kuqulunqwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nangona ukuxhomekeka kweemveliso zokupakisha kuye kwandiswa, ukuxhomekeka kwemveliso yokupakisha kwimveliso yemveliso kunyuke.
Okwangoku, imveliso yokupakisha iye yenye yamacandelo ezomzi-mveliso. Phakathi kwamashishini amathandathu amawaka elizweni, ishishini lokupakisha i-12th. Ukupakishwa, njengenye imveliso yabasebenzi eyimfuneko ekuhlaleni, inendawo yezorhwebo kwaye iye yaba yinto yorhwebo phakathi kwamasebe. Umxholo wempatho yale mihla ubonakalisa indalo yempahla, (kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yokupakisha. Ixabiso lokupakisha libandakanyiwe kwixabiso lemveliso, engabubuyekezwanga kuphela xa imveliso ithengisiwe, kodwa igqitywe kunikezelo lweentengiso kunye nezizathu ezifunwayo. Ukupakishwa komgangatho ophezulu kunokuzisa izibonelelo ezinkulu zoqoqosho. Ukupakisha yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso yemveliso, uninzi lweemveliso kuphela emva kokupakisha, ukugqiba inkqubo yayo yemveliso, ukuze ungene kwicandelo lokujikeleza kunye nokusebenzisa. Kwicandelo lobunjineli bokupakisha, ngokuthetha ngokubanzi, imveliso yemveliso kunye nokupakisha inokwenza imveliso yokhuphiswano. Ukupakisha kusekwe kwinani elithile leemveliso, iimpawu, iifom kunye nokugcinwa kweemeko zothutho kunye neemfuno zentengiso ze-ART kunye nezobuchwephesha, kunye neempawu zolondolozo, ezineempawu ezibini ze-ART, ezinobume, iqumrhu kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ngokwasemzimbeni, nakuphi na ukupakisha, kufuneka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokupakisha, ngemveliso ethile yetekhnoloji, yibanesabelo sabo esikhethekileyo, ubume kunye nomhombiso wokubonakala. Ke ngoko, izinto zokupakisha, ubuchwephesha bokupakisha, ubume bendawo yokubeka kwimodeli kunye nokulayisha komhlaba zezona zinto zine zezona zinto zikhankanyiweyo. Izinto zokupakisha ziziseko zokupakisha, ngaba umthwali wezinto eziphathwayo kwitekhnoloji yokupakisha yephakheji sisitshixo sokufezekisa umsebenzi wokukhusela ukhuseleko kwaye uqinisekise umgangatho weemveliso zangaphakathi. Ukupakisha Isakhiwo semodeli yindlela ethile yokufaka izixhobo zokupakisha kunye netekhnoloji yokupakisha. Ukupakisha umhlobiso yindibaniselwano yezinto ezine ngomfanekiso kunye nokubhaliweyo okubhaliweyo, ukukhuthaza nokuziswa kweyona ndlela iphambili yemveliso, kuphela koyilo olugqibeleleyo ukugqiba, kuphela ngale ndlela kunokubangela iimfuno zentengiso
Okwesithathu, umsebenzi wokupakisha
Umsebenzi wokupakisha iboniswa ikakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo
1. Khusela imveliso
Ukukhusela imveliso yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokupakisha. Iimveliso kwiNkqubo yokuSutshula, zinokuchaphazeleka ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zangaphandle, zibangela ungcoliseko lwemveliso, ukonakaliswa, ukuvuza okanye ukonakala, ukuze iphulukane nexabiso lokusetyenziswa. Ukupakisha kwenzululwazi kunye nesayensi kunokwenza ukuba imveliso ichaze umonakalo wezinto ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukukhusela ukusebenza kwemveliso kwaye uqinisekise umgangatho kunye nenani lemveliso.Ezo zintoUmsi we-Grinder, ibhokisi yecuba, ibhokisi edibeneyo, ibhokisi ye-cigar.
2. Lungiselela ukusasazwa kwemveliso
Ukupakisha kubonelela ngeemeko ezisisiseko kunye nokudanisa ngokusasazwa kweemveliso. Imveliso ipakishwe ngokwemilo ethile, ubume, ubungakanani, ubungakanani begama lemveliso, idilesi ye-fetles, idilesi yefektri, ukubala kunye nokubala. Ikwayilungele ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho kunye nokugcina, ukuphucula ukulayisha kunye nokuhambisa, ukuthutha, ukuqhubela phambili izibonelelo zemveliso, kunye nokuphucula izibonelelo zoqoqosho zokujikeleza kwemveliso.
3. Ukukhuthaza nokwandisa intengiso yemveliso eyilelwe kakuhle inokudlala indima ekukhuthazeni iimveliso, iimveliso kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthengisa. Ukupakisha akunakuphucula ukhuphiswano lweemveliso zentengiso, kodwa kukutsala abathengi kunye nenoveli ye-charm yayo kunye ne-charm eyahlukileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezikhokelo, kuba yinto ephambili yokuthengisa kwabathengi, ngumthengisi weemveliso ezithe cwaka. Ukupakisha umgangatho okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni amandla okhuphiswano lweemveliso zokuthumela ngaphandle, ukwandisa ukuthengisa ngaphandle nokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwezorhwebo lwangaphandle.
I-4. Ilungele abathengi ukuba basebenzise
Ukupakisha ukuthengisa ngeemveliso ezahlukeneyo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ubungakanani bephakheji kufanelekile, kulula kubathengi ukuba basebenzise, gcina kwaye bathwale. Umzobo, uphawu lwentengiso kunye nenkcazo yokubhaliweyo kwiphakheji ilungele abathengi ukuba bachonge, kwaye bangenise uhlobo kunye nokwenziwa kwemveliso, ukusebenzisa indima yokugcina kunye nokukhokelwa ekusebenziseni.
5. Gcina imali
Ukupakisha kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nendleko zemveliso. Ukupakishwa okusengqiqweni kunokwenza iimveliso ezichithiweyo zidityaniswe kwinani elithile leefom, oko kukuphucula kakhulu umthamo wokulayisha kunye nokulayisha ngokulula iimpahla, kungagcina iindleko zokuhamba, iindleko zokugcina kunye nezinye iindleko. Ezinye izikhongozeli zokupakisha nazo zinokuphinda zisetyenziselwe ukuphinda zisetyenziselwe amaxesha amaninzi, zisindisa ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokupakisha kunye nezikhongozeli zokupakisha, ezilungele ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula izibonelelo zoqoqosho.
Ngamafutshane, imisebenzi esisiseko yokupakisha imveliso kufuneka: Umsebenzi wokhuseleko, ukusebenza lula, ukukhuthaza kunye nokubonisa umsebenzi.
Okwesine, ukwakhiwa kwephakeji
Inkcazo yokupakisha: Ukupakisha kubhekisa kulwakhiwo ngokubanzi lwemveliso emva kokupakisha, oko kukuthi, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokupakisha kunye neemveliso. Ibunjwe ngokubanzi ngamacandelo amathathu: imveliso, ukupakisha ngaphakathi kunye nokupakisha kwangaphandle.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo zokupakisha zibandakanya iinxalenye ezi-8, ezizezi: iindawo ezinobuchule, iinxalenye eziphathekayo, iinxalenye eziphathekayo, iinxalenye ze-buffer, iinxalenye zokukhusela imiphezulu, iindawo ezinamanzi kunye nendawo yokubonisa. Ukupakishwa okuqhelekileyo akufaneki konke oku kungentla.
Ezintlanu, iimfuno ezisisiseko zokupakisha
Nceda esitratweni, umbongo woMfanekiso othuleyo wothando uMama
1. Ukuziqhelanisa neempawu zemveliso, ukupakishwa kwemveliso kufuneka kube kusekwe kwiimpawu zemveliso, ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezihambelana nazo kunye nokufakwa kwephakheji kwimveliso yemveliso yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zemveliso
2. Qhelana kwiimeko zokujikeleza
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kuyo yonke inkqubo yokujikeleza, ukupakisha imveliso kufanele ukuba namandla athile, ukuqina, iimpawu eziqinileyo nezihlala ixesha elide. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho kunye neendlela zothutho, izikhongozelo zepakethi ezihambelanayo kunye nonyango lobugcisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokukhethekileyo. Ngamafutshane, yonke iphakheji kufuneka ilungelelanise imeko yokugcina kunye nezothutho kunye neemfuno ezifunwayo kwicandelo lokujikeleza
I-3, ukupakisha kufanele kube yinto efanelekileyo kwaye imodareyitha
Kwiphakheji yokuthengisa, ubungakanani besikhongozeli wepakethe kwaye imveliso yangaphakathi kufuneka ifaneleke, kwaye iindleko zokupakisha kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno zemveliso yangaphakathi. Gcina indawo eninzi kunye nokupakisha iindleko ze-accounting kwinani eliphezulu kakhulu lexabiso lemveliso iyongozi kubathengi.
Ukupakisha imveliso kufuneka kubekwe emgangathweni, kwaye ubunzima bokupakisha, ukucaciswa, imodeli yesakhiwo, izinto zokupakisha, kwaye zinciphise iindleko zokupakisha, zinciphise izinto ezingafunekiyo, zisebenza ngokwazisa kunye nomlinganiso, kunye nokunceda ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wokupakisha imveliso kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso
Izibonelelo, ukusetyenziswa kokulahlekisa "ukupakisha kakhulu".
Iimfuno zoKhuselo lweNdawo eziLuhlaza kunye nokusiNgqongileyo zePakethi zineempawu ezimbini zentsingiselo: Okokuqala, ukukhetha izixhobo, izixhobo ze-5. Ukupakishwa kwemveliso kufanele kukhuseleke kwaye kucoceke kwimveliso kunye nomthengi. Okwesibini, ubuchwephesha bokufakwa kunye nezikhongozeli zezinto ezibonakalayo zikhuselekile kwaye ziluhlaza kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ekukhetheni kwezinto zokupakisha kunye nemveliso, kufuneka silandele imigaqo-nkqubo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukonga amandla, ukusetyenziswa komhlaba, ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi, ukhuseleko olugqibeleleyo, ukutshitshiswa okuzinzileyo, okanye ukonakaliswa okukhuselekileyo emva kwenkunkuma.
I-6. Iimfuneko zobugcisa zokupakisha
1. Umxholo weTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yePakethi yeTekhnoloji yeTeki yeThengiso ibhekisele kumanyathelo ezobuchwephesha abathatyathiweyo ukuxhathisa izinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezichaphazela umgangatho kunye notshintsho lomgangatho kwicandelo leendlela zokukhuselwa kwemveliso. I-2. Iimfuno zeTekhnoloji yokupakisha imveliso.
Izinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle ezichaphazela utshintsho lomgangatho wemveliso zahlulwe ukuba ziyimizimba yomzimba, yekhemikhali, yebhayoloji kunye nezinye izinto. Itekhnoloji yokhuseleko lwemveliso inyathelo elithile lokuthintela oluthile oluthathiweyo kule miba ingaphakathi yangaphakathi kunye nengaphandle echaphazela umgangatho wemveliso.
I-7. Umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokupakisha
Njengoko isitsho: "Iintyatyambo ezibomvu zilungile, kodwa kunye nenkxaso eluhlaza ixhasa." Umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokupakisha, njengomgangatho we-SAFFGAER kunye neemveliso eziluhlaza zegqabi yinto ebalaseleyo, abantu abakho ukuze bathenge ukupakisha iimveliso.
"Kodwa ukupakisha akufuneki ukutyeshelwa. Ukupakishwa ngokuchanekileyo akunakukwazi ukhuseleko kuphela kwaye uphathe imvume yokuthengisa, kodwa ikwangulo lwenkqubo yemveliso. iya kunyuka ibe yeyona nto iphambili. Ukungcungcuthekiswa kwe-tiftao ukuba inikwe impahla entsha efanelekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokupakisha, ezinye iinkampani zisebenzisa ukupakisha ukugubungela umgangatho weemveliso ezibi. Abayili beepaki kufuneka baphephe ukugqithisa.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-28-2023