Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kusengoyena nobangela uphambili wezifo ezinokuthintelwa nokufa eKhanada. Ngo-2017, ngaphezulu kwe-47,000 yokusweleka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwecuba eCanada, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-6.1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiindleko zokhathalelo lwempilo ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-12.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiindleko zizonke. yeSicwangciso seCuba saseKhanada, esinenjongo yokufikelela usukelo lokusetyenziswa kwecuba ngaphantsi kwesi-5 ekhulwini ngowama-2035.
Ukupakishwa okucacileyo kuye kwamkelwa linani elikhulayo lamazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusukela ngoJulayi 2020, icacileKhanadaukupakishwa kwecubaiphunyezwe ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lomvelisi kunye nentengiso kumazwe ali-14: Australia(2012); IFransi kunye ne-United Kingdom (2017); ENew Zealand, eNorway, naseIreland (2018); I-Uruguay, kunye neThailand (2019); iSaudi Arabia, Turkey, Israel, kunye neSlovenia (ngoJanuwari 2020); eKhanada (ngoFebruwari 2020); naseSingapore (Julayi 2020). NgoJanuwari 2022, iBelgium, iHungary, neNetherlands ziya kube sele ziphumeze ngokupheleleyo ukupakishwa okucacileyo.
Le ngxelo ishwankathela ubungqina obuvela kwiProjekthi yoVavanyo loMgaqo-nkqubo we-International Tobacco Control (ITC) ngokusebenza kokupakishwa okucacileyo eCanada. Ukusukela ngo-2002, iProjekthi ye-ITC yenze uphando lweqela lexesha elide kumazwe angama-29 ukuhlola impembelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo engundoqo yolawulo lwecuba ye-World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Le ngxelo inikezela ngeziphumo kwimpembelelo yokupakishwa okucacileyo eCanada ngokusekwe kwidatha eqokelelwe kubantu abadala abatshayayo ngaphambi (2018) nasemva (2020) ukuqaliswa kwethafa.Khanadaukupakishwa kwecuba. Idatha evela eKhanada ibonakaliswe kumxholo kunye nedatha ukusuka kwi-25 kwamanye amazwe eProjekthi ye-ITC - kuquka i-Australia, iNgilani, iFransi, kunye neNew Zealand, apho ukupakishwa okucacileyo kuye kwaphunyezwa.
Ukupakishwa okucacileyo kwehlise kakhulu isibheno sepakethi - i-45% yabantu abatshayayo abayithandi inkangeleko yepakethi yabo yecuba emva kokutya.Khanada ukupakishwa kwecubayaziswa, xa kuthelekiswa ne-29% ngaphambi kokuba umthetho u-Unlik Le ngxelo ilungiselelwe yiProjekthi ye-ITC kwiYunivesithi yaseWaterloo: uJanet Chung-Hall, uPete Driezen, u-Eunice Ofeibea Indome, uGang Meng, uLorraine Craig, kunye noGeoffrey T. Fong. Siyawavuma amagqabaza avela kuCynthia Callard, ooGqirha baseKhanada engenamsi; URob Cunningham, uMbutho woMhlaza waseCanada; kunye noFrancis Thompson, HealthBridge kwidrafti zale ngxelo. Uyilo lwegraphic kunye noyilo lwabonelelwa nguSonya Lyon weSentrik Graphic Solutions Inc. Enkosi kuBrigitte Meloche ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuguqulela kwisiFrentshi; kunye noNadia Martin, iProjekthi ye-ITC yokuphononongwa nokuhlelwa kwenguqulelo yesiFrentshi. Inkxaso-mali yale ngxelo ibonelelwe yiNkqubo yokuSetyenziswa kweZiyobisi kunye neNkqubo ye-Addictions yaseKhanada (SUAP) ULungiselelo #2021-HQ-000058. Iimbono ezichazwe apha azibonisi iimbono ze-Health Canada.
I-ITC Four Country Smoking Survey kunye ne-Vaping Survey yaxhaswa ngezibonelelo ezivela kwi-US National Cancer Institute (P01 CA200512), i-Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477), kunye ne-National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP 1106451). Inkxaso eyongezelelweyo inikezelwa kuGeoffrey T. Fong nguMcebisi oPhando oPhezulu ovela kwi-Ontario Institute for Cancer Research.
Ugunyaziwe olawulayo wokupakishwa okungenanto kwecuba (ekwabizwa ngokuba kukupakishwa okusemgangathweni) unikiwe phantsi koMthetho weTobacco and Vaping Products Act (TVPA)4, obunezilungiso ezamkelwa nge-23 May 2018 njengesakhelo esisemthethweni sokunciphisa umthwalo obalulekileyo wokufa okunxulumene necuba. kunye nesifo eCanada. NgokucacileyoKhanadaukupakishwa kwecubaijolise ekunciphiseni umtsalane weemveliso zecuba kwaye yaziswa phantsi kweMithetho yeeMveliso zeCuba ka-2019 (iNkangeleko ePlain kunye neMigangatho)5 njengenye yemigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi yokunceda ukufikelela ekujoliswe kuko ngaphantsi kwe-5% yokusetyenziswa kwecuba ngo-2035 phantsi kweSicwangciso seTobacco saseCanada. .
Imigaqo isebenza ekupakishweni kwazo zonke iimveliso zecuba, kuqukwa necuba elenziweyo, ziqengqeleke iimveliso zakho (icuba elixengayo, iityhubhu kunye namaphepha aqengqwayo alungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa necuba), iisiga kunye neesiga ezincinci, icuba lombhobho, icuba elingenamsi, kunye neemveliso zecuba elishushu.E -i-cigarettes / iimveliso zomphunga azifakwanga phantsi kwale migaqo, kuba azihlelwanga njengemveliso yecuba phantsi kwe-TVPA.
4 Ukupakishwa okucacileyo kwecuba, iicuba ezincinci, iimveliso zecuba ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nezixhobo, kunye nazo zonke ezinye iimveliso zecuba zaqala ukusebenza kwinqanaba lomvelisi / lokungenisa ngaphandle nge-9 kaNovemba 2019, kunye nexesha leentsuku ezingama-90 zotshintsho ukuze abathengisi becuba bathobele. Ngomhla we-7 kaFebruwari, 2020. Ukupakishwa okucacileyo kweesiga kwaqala ukusebenza kwinqanaba lomvelisi/lomrhwebi nge-9 kaNovemba, 2020, kunye nexesha le-180 leentsuku zotshintsho ukuze abathengisi becuba bathobele nge-8 kaMeyi, 2021.5, 8
Khanada ukupakishwa kwecubaimimiselo kuye kwabhekiselwa kuyo njengeyona ibanzi kwihlabathi, ibeka inani leeprecedents zehlabathi (jonga iBhokisi 1). Zonke iipakethe zemveliso yecuba kufuneka zibe nombala omdaka wecuba oqhelekileyo, kungabikho zimpawu zahlukileyo nezinomtsalane, kunye nokuboniswa kwesicatshulwa esivumelekileyo kwindawo eqhelekileyo, ifonti, umbala, kunye nobukhulu. ube naluphi na uphawu; kwaye isiphelo se-butt yesihluzo kufuneka sibe sicaba kwaye singabinandawo zokuphumla.Khanada ukupakishwa kwecubaiya kulungelelaniswa kwisilayidi kunye nefomathi yeqokobhe kwinqanaba lomvelisi/lomrhwebi ukusuka nge-9 kaNovemba, 2021 (abathengisi bane-7 kaFebruwari 2022 ukuthobela), ngoko ke kuvalwa iipakethi ezinokuvulwa okuphezulu. Umzobo woku-1 ubonisa isilayidi kunye nopakisho lweqokobhe olungenantoKhanada ukupakishwa kwecuba apho umyalezo wolwazi lwezempilo utyhilwa ngasemva kwepakethe yangaphakathi xa ipakethi ivulwa. ICanada lilizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukufuna isilayidi kunye nokupakishwa kweqokobhe KWAYE yaba yeyokuqala ukufuna umyalezo wezempilo wangaphakathi.
Khanadaukupakishwa kwecubaimimiselo yeyona inamandla emhlabeni kwaye eyokuqala:
• Vala ukusetyenziswa kwezichazi zemibala kuzo zonke ibhrendi kunye namagama ahlukeneyo
• Funa ifomathi yokupakishwa yesilayidi neqokobhe lecuba
• Funa umbala omdaka omdaka ngaphakathi kwipakethe
• Valela imidiza emide kune-85mm
• Ukuthintela imidiza encinci engaphantsi kwe-7.65mm ububanzi
Imizekelo yehlabathi ebekwe yimithetho yokupakisha ecacileyo yaseCanada
I-Canada ayizange iphumeze izilumkiso zezempilo ezintsha nezikhudlwana (PHWs) kwiipakethi zecuba ecaleni kwemithetho yokupakisha ecacileyo, njengoko kufunwa ngamanye amazwe aquka i-Australia, i-United Kingdom, i-France, ne-New Zealand. Nangona kunjalo,Ipakethi yecuba yaseCanadaizilumkiso (75% of the front and back) will be the biggest in the world of the whole surface area xa isilayidi esisinyanzelo kunye nefomati yeqokobhe iqala ukusebenza ngoNovemba 2021. Health Canada igqibezela izicwangciso zokuphumeza iiseti ezininzi zezilumkiso ezintsha zempilo. kwiimveliso zecuba eziza kufuneka zijikeleze emva kwexesha elithile.9 Umfanekiso we-2 ubonisa ixesha lokupakishwa okucacileyo eCanada ngokumalunga ne-ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys, enika idatha yale ngxelo.
Le ngxelo ibonisa idatha evela kwi-ITC Canada Smoking and Vaping Survey phambi nasemva kokupakishwa okucacileyo kwaphunyezwa ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lokuthengisa ngoFebruwari 7, 2020. I-ITC Canada Smoking and Vaping Survey, inxalenye ye-ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey enkulu, ekwaqhutywa ngokunxuseneyo nophando lwamaqela e-United States, e-Australia, naseNgilani, luphando lweqela olwenziwe phakathi kwabantu abatshayayo kunye nee-vapers ezigaywe kwiiphaneli zewebhu zelizwe kwilizwe ngalinye. Uphando lwe-intanethi lwemizuzu engama-45 lubandakanya imibuzo echaphazelekayo ekuphononongeni ukupakishwa okucacileyo, okuye kwasetyenziswa yiProjekthi ye-ITC ukuvavanya ukupakishwa okucacileyo e-Australia, eNgilani, eNew Zealand naseFransi. I-ITC Canada Smoking and Vaping Survey yenziwa phakathi kwesampulu emele kuzwelonke yabantu abadala abatshayayo abangama-4600 abagqibe uphando ngo-2018 (phambi kokupakishwa okucacileyo), ngo-2020 (emva kokupakishwa okucacileyo), okanye kuyo yomibini iminyaka.Idatha yeLongitudinal evela eCanada ithelekiswa nedatha evela ezimbini amanye amazwe e-ITC (i-Australia kunye ne-United States) apho uphando olufanayo luye lwenziwa ngexesha elinye, kwaye eyohlukileyo kwimo yemithetho yokupakishwa kwecuba kunye neemfuno zotshintsho kwii-PHWs (jonga kwiThebhile 1) I-Canada, i-Australia, kunye ne-United States zishwankathelwe kwiThebhile 2. Ingxelo iphinda ibonise uthelekiso lwamazwe ngamazwe lwedatha kwimilinganiselo yempembelelo yempembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo ekhethiweyo eKhanada kunye ukuya kutsho kwamanye amazwe angama-25 e-ITC.ii
Iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo kwisampulu kunye neendlela zovavanyo kwilizwe ngalinye zibonisiwe kwi-ITC yeLizwe leSine lokuTyaya kunye noVaping Survey.
iingxelo zobugcisa, ezifumanekayo:https://itcproject.org/methods/
IProjekthi ye-ITC sele ipapashe iingxelo ngaphambili malunga nefuthe lokupakishwa okucacileyo eNew Zealand18 nase-England19. Amaphepha enzululwazi exesha elizayo e-ITC aya kubonisa uhlahlelo olubanzi ngakumbi lwempembelelo yokupakishwa okucacileyo eCanada nakwamanye amazwe, kunye nokuthelekisa impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo kuyo yonke isethi epheleleyo yamazwe e-ITC aphumeze ngokucacileyo.Khanadaukupakishwa kwecuba.Ukwahluka okuncinci phakathi kweziphumo ezichazwe eKhanada kumaphepha enzululwazi azayo kunye neziphumo ezichazwe kolu xwebhu ngenxa yomahluko kwiindlela zohlengahlengiso lwamanani, kodwa azitshintshi ipateni iyonke yeziphumo.ii.
Iziphumo ze-2020 zeCanada ezinikezelwe kumanani awela ilizwe zingahluka kancinci ukusuka kwiziphumo ze-2020 kumanani obude abonakaliswe kule ngxelo ngenxa yokwahlukana kweendlela zohlengahlengiso lwamanani kuhlobo ngalunye lokuhlalutya.iii
Ngexesha lovavanyo lokupakishwa kwe-post-plain eCanada, uninzi lweepakethi ezicacileyo kwintengiso zazikwifomati ephezulu, kunye nesilayidi kunye nefomathi yeqokobhe efumanekayo kuphela inani eliqingqiweyo leempawu Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zokupakishwa okucacileyo kukunciphisa umtsalane. kunye nokuthandwa kweemveliso zecuba.
Uphando olwenziwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo luye lwabonisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuba iipakethi zecuba ezicacileyo azithandeki kakhulu kubantu abatshayayo kuneepakethi ezine-brand.12-16
Uphando lwe-ITC lubonise ukuba kukho ukwanda okukhulu kwipesenti yabantu abatshayayo baseKhanada abafumene ipakethi yabo yecuba "ayithandeki kwaphela" emva kokuphunyezwa Khanadaukupakishwa kwecuba.Oku kuncipha okuphawulekayo kwesibheno kwakungafani namanye amazwe amabini athelekisayo-i-Australia kunye ne-US-apho kwakungekho tshintsho kwipesenti yabantu abatshayayo abafumene ipakethi yabo ye-cigarette "ayithandeki kwaphela".
Kukho ukwanda okubalulekileyo kwipesenti yabatshayayo abathi abayithandi inkangeleko yepakethi yabo yecuba emva kokuphunyezwa kokupakishwa okucacileyo eCanada (ukusuka kwi-29% ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-45% kwi-2020). Isibheno sePack yayiyeyona iphantsi e-Australia (apho ukupakishwa okucacileyo kuye kwaphunyezwa ngokudityaniswa nee-PHW ezinkulu ngo-2012), ngaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu sabantu abatshayayo baxela ukuba abayithandi inkangeleko yepakethi yabo ngo-2018 (71%) kunye no-2020. (69%). Ngokwahlukileyo, ipesenti yabantu abatshayayo abathi abayithandi inkangeleko yepakethi yabo iye yahlala iphantsi e-US (9% ngo-2018 kunye ne-12% ngo-2020), apho izilumkiso zibhalwa kuphela kwaye ukupakishwa okucacileyo akuzange kuphunyezwe ( jonga uMzobo 3).
Ezi ziphumo zihambelana neziphumo zeProjekthi ye-ITC yangaphambili ebonisa ukwanda kwenani labantu abatshayayo abangathandi ukubukeka kwepakethi yabo emva kokupakishwa okucacileyo kuphunyezwe e-Australia (ukusuka kwi-44% kwi-2012 ukuya kwi-82% kwi-2013) 17, eNew Zealand ( ukusuka kwi-50% kwi-2016-17 ukuya kwi-75% kwi-2018) 18, naseNgilani (ukusuka kwi-16% kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-53% kwi-2018) .19
Iziphumo zangoku zongeza kubungqina obuvela kwizifundo ezipapashiweyo ezibonisa ukunciphisa okukhulu kwisibheno sepakethe emva kokuphunyezwa kokupakishwa okucacileyo kunye nee-PHW ezinkulu e-Australia20, i-21 kunye nefuthe elihleKhanadaukupakishwa kwecubaekunciphiseni isibheno sepakethi ngaphezu kokunyusa ubungakanani bee-PHWs eNgilani.22
Olunye uphononongo lwakutsha nje oluvavanya impembelelo yokupakishwa okucacileyo eUnited Kingdom naseNorway kusetyenziswa amanyathelo ovavanyo e-ITC asekiweyo abonelela ngobungqina obongezelelweyo bokuba ukuphunyezwa kokupakishwa okucacileyo kunye nenoveli enkulu ye-PHWs kwandisa ubukhali besilumkiso kunye nokusebenza ngaphaya koko kunokuphunyezwa ngokuphumeza ukupakisha okucacileyo ngaphandle kotshintsho. kwizilumkiso zempilo. Ngaphambi kokuphunyezwa kokupakishwa okucacileyo, omabini amazwe anezilumkiso zezempilo ezifanayo kwiipakethi zecuba (i-43% isilumkiso sombhalo ngaphambili, 53% PHW ngasemva).
Emva kokuphunyezwa kokupakishwa okucacileyo kunye nenoveli enkulu ye-PHWs (i-65% yangaphambili nasemva) e-United Kingdom, kukho ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuqaphela, ukufunda, kunye nokucinga kwabatshayayo malunga nezilumkiso, ukucinga malunga neengozi zempilo yokutshaya, indlela yokuziphatha yokuphepha, ukuyeka ukutshaya, kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kokuyeka ngenxa yezilumkiso.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kukho ukuncipha okukhulu ekuqapheliseni, ekufundeni nasekujongeni ngokusondeleyo kwizilumkiso, ukucinga malunga neengozi zempilo yokutshaya, kunye nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bayeke ngenxa yezilumkiso phakathi kwabatshayayo eNorway, apho ukupakishwa okucacileyo kwaphunyezwa ngaphandle kotshintsho. kwizilumkiso zezempilo.23 Ipatheni eyahlukileyo yeziphumo ezibonwe e-United Kingdom xa kuthelekiswa neNorway ibonisa okoKhanada ukupakishwa kwecubayandisa ukusebenza kwezilumkiso zenoveli enkulu, kodwa ayinakonyusa ifuthe lesicatshulwa esidala/isilumkiso somfanekiso
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-15-2024