Amazwe amaninzi anemithetho yolawulo lwecuba echaza inani elincinci leibhokisi yecubainokufakwa kwipakethi enye.
Kumazwe amaninzi alawule kolu bukhulu be-curigarette yecuba angama-20, umz. Isikhokelo se-EU sibeka inani elincinci leibhokisi yecubaKwipakethe nganye yokwandisa iindleko zecuba kwaye emva koko ubenze bafikeleleke kubantu abancinci 1. Ngokwahlukileyo, kukho i-curmation encinci ephathekayo phakathi kwe-10 ne-50 yecuba kwipakethi nganye ye-10 ne-50 yepakethi. Iipakethi ezingama-25 zaziswa e-Australia ngeminyaka yee-1970, kunye neepakethi ezingama-30, ezingama-35, ezingama-35 ne-4 ukuya kwi-23%. Ukufunda kula mava, iNew Zealand Igunyaziwe kwi-SARS kuphela yePakethi (20 ne-20 ne-20) njengenxalenye yomthetho wayo wepakeji ye-4.
Ubukho beendawo zokupakisha zinkulu kune-20ibhokisi ye icubaInomdla ethile ngenxa yobungqina obukhulayo bendima yobukhulu beSahlulo sokusetyenziswa kwezinye iimveliso.
Ukusetyenziswa kokutya xa abantu beza kuphawuleka, kuthelekiswa nobungakanani obuncinci, besahlulo, kunye nokusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo okufumana ubungakanani besiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwe-cubacco. Izifundo ezithathu kuphela ezihlangabezana neekhrayitheriya zokubandakanywa, zonke zigxile kwiibhokisi ye icubaUbude, akukho zifundo zivavanya ifuthe ekusetyenzisweni kwe-cubactte pack. I-DeArth yobungqina bovavanyo yinkxalabo, kuba ukwanda kokufumaneka kweesayino ezinkulu zepakethe zinokujongela phantsi ukuphuculwa kweMigaqo-nkqubo yoLuntu kwiminye imigaqo-nkqubo yecuba.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, impumelelo yemigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwecuba kumazwe amaninzi ifanelekile ukuncitshiswa kwexabiso elisekwe kumaxabiso endaweni yokukhuthaza ukhuseleko, lo mngeni ugxininisa kwimfuno yemigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza ukuyeka. Ukunciphisa inani lecuba ngosuku lokutshaya kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimizamo yokuphumelela impumelelo, kwaye ngelixa amaxabiso eyokutshaya abonakalise ukuba abantu abatshayayo kwaye balondoloze kwaye balondoloze ukuncitshiswa kwamazwe amaninzi. Umzekelo, kule minyaka idlulileyo xa kwakungekho mgaqo-nkqubo wokutshaya wanda wanda kwiindawo zomsebenzi, abantu abatshayayo babenokuyeka ukutshaya kwimisebenzi yasimahla yokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezinokutshaya kwi-8. Inani elixeliweyoibhokisi ye icubaUkutshaya ngemini kuye kwahla kwakhona ekuhambeni kwexesha e-Australia, eUnited Kingdom namanye amazwe amaninzi (2002-07) 9.
ENgilani, iZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo kunye neKhathalelo eligqibeleleyo) Izikhokelo (ezihle) ezisekwe (Iingcebiso zononophelo ezisekwe kubungqina) zikhuthaza abantu abatshayayo ukuba banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yokuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kukho inkxalabo yokukhuthaza ukuncitshiswa kunokwenza ukuba ukutshayelwa nokunganyangeki kwe-10. Uhlambelo olucwangcisiweyo lokutshaya olufumeneyo lokuyeka ukutshaya kwakungasebenzi kakuhle kunokuyeka ukutshaya ngequbuliso. Nangona kunjalo, ababhali bacebise ukuba ukucebisa ukuba ukunciphisa ukutshaya kusenokuba kufanelekile ukuba kunyusa ukubandakanyeka kwingcinga yokufumana inkxaso. Utshintsho lwendalo esingqongileyo njenge-cappingibhokisi ye icubaUbungakanani bepakethe bunokubanakho ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokuqonda. Inika ithuba lokuhambisa izibonelelo zokusetyenziswa okuncitshisiweyo ngaphandle kokutshaya okukhulisa iinkolelo zokuzikhulula malunga nokuncitshiswa kodwa. Impumelelo ibonakalisiwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokufikelela kubungakanani obukhulu, kunye nenombolo evunyelweyo kwintengiso enye, kwezinye iimveliso eziyingozi. Umzekelo, ukunciphisa inani leepilisi ze-Analgesic kwipakethe nganye kube yingenelo ekuthinteleni ukubulawa kwabantu ngokuzibulala 13.
Eli nqaku lijolise ekwenzeni uhlolo lwe-cochrane lwakutshanje olu-5.
Ukungabikho kobungqina ngokuthe ngqo, sichonge ukwahluka okukhoyo kubukhoibhokisi ye icuba Ubungakanani kunye neziqengqele zoncwadi ezifanelekileyo kwiingcinga ezimbini eziphambili zePakethi:
(i) ukunciphisa ubungakanani bepakethe kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa; kwaye (ii) ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunokunyusa ukutshata. I-Dearth yezifundo zovavanyo zokuxhasa ezi zinto zingathinteli isoyikisoibhokisi ye icubaIipakethe (> 20) zinokubeka kwimpumelelo yeminye imigaqo-nkqubo yecuba yecuba. Sichasa ukuba kugxilwe ngokusemthethweni malunga nobuncinci bepakethe, ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba kufanele ukuba kubekho ubungakanani bepakethi ephezulu yepakethi, ngokuyintloko sele ixhaphaze ishishini lecuba. Ngokusekwe kubungqina obungathanga ngqo sicebisa ukuba i-hypothesis yolawulo lukarhulumente kwiipakethi zecuba ze-20 ukuya kwicuba likazwelonke eliza kufaka igalelo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwecuba lelizwe negazi le-cuba yokunciphisa ukwanda kokutshaya.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJUL-25-2024