Imbali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesilivereIikheyisi zeCigarette
Ibhokisi yecuba iseyinto ethandwayo nangona ukuthengiswa kwecuba kuye kwehla kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Oku kungenxa yomsebenzi osemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nobugcisa obusetyenziswa kwiinguqulelo eziqokelelweyo zale mveliso ihloniphekileyo. Zenzelwe ukugcina iicuba zikhuselekile ngelixa zingazomisi. Imizekelo efunwayo kakhulu kwimarike yezinto zakudala zezexesha likaVictorian. Ezi silivere zintle kakhuluiikheyisi zecubaezihonjiswe kakhulu zayenza yafikelela kwinkulungwane yama-20 ngokwendlela ezihonjiswe ngayo.
Yintoni iItyala lecuba?
Umgangathoibhokisi yecubayibhokisi encinci, eneehinge exande kwaye ibhityile. Uza kuzibona zineecala ezijikelezileyo kunye nemiphetho, ukuze zithwalwe kakuhle kwipokotho yesuti. Ibhokisi eqhelekileyo ibamba iicuba ezisibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi. Iicuba zibanjwa kwicala elingaphakathi lebhokisi, ngamanye amaxesha icala elinye okanye omabini. Namhlanje, i-elastiki isetyenziselwa ukugcina iicuba zisendaweni yazo, kodwa kangangamashumi eminyaka iicuba beziza nezibambi zodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba icuba alishukumi xa lithuthwa.
Iibhokisi yecubaokanye itini njengoko yayibizwa njalo ngamanye amaxesha, akufuneki idideke nebhokisi yecuba, enkulu kwaye yenzelwe ukugcina iicuba ezingaphezulu ekhaya. E-US, iibhokisi zazidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-“Flat Fifties” kuba zazinokugcina iicuba ezingama-50.
Imbali
Umhla ochanekileyo aphoiikheyisi zecubaAkwaziwa ukuba zenziwe njani. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvela kwazo kwinkulungwane ye-19 kwahambelana nokuveliswa kweecuba ngobuninzi okwazenza zaba nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo. Ukufana kobukhulu obunikezelwa ziicuba ezenziweyo kwavumela ukuphuhliswa kwebhokisi yecuba. Njengakwizinto ezininzi ezintsha, yaqala ngoyilo olulula kwaye yenziwe ngeentsimbi eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwafunyaniswa ngokukhawuleza ukuba iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ezifana nesilivere eqaqambileyo, zazifanelekile kwiibhokisi ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukuqina kwazo, kunye nokuhombisa kwazo kwakulula.
Ixesha leVictorian
Ekupheleni kwexesha likaVictorian,iikheyisi zecubayaba yinto entsonkothileyo nehonjisiweyo njengoko bekulindelwe ukususela ngelo xesha. Njengoko iikhabhathi zazisiba nefashoni ngakumbi, zazihonjiswa ngakumbi. Okokuqala ngeemonogram ezilula, emva koko ngemizobo kunye namatye anqabileyo ukuze zibonakale ngokwenene. Abayili abaninzi bezinto zokuhombisa banikela umbono waboiikheyisi zecuba, kuquka uPeter Carl Faberge, odumileyo ngala maqanda kaFaberge, wadala umgca wegolideiikheyisi zecubazigcwele amatye anqabileyo kwiTshawe yaseRashiya kunye nosapho lwakhe. Namhlanje, ezi kheyisi zinokubiza malunga ne-$25,000 kwaye zixatyiswa kakhulu ngenxa yembonakalo yazo ekhethekileyo neyobukhazikhazi.
Isilivela ecocisisiwe
Isilivere eqaqambileyo yaba yeyona nto idumileyoiikheyisi zecuba,nangona uninzi lwenziwe ngegolide okanye ezinye izinyithi ezixabisekileyo nazo zafunyanwa. Ezinye zezi bhokisi zazinamathelisiwe, njengoko ubona kwiiwotshi ezipokothweni, ukuthintela ukuba zingaphumi epokothweni. Uninzi lwezoyilo ezihonjiswe kakhulu zaphela ngenxa yokuba intuthuzelo yayigxininiswa ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, ukutsala isingxobo epokothweni nokusibuyisela kwakuthetha ukuba uyilo oluhle aluzange lufanele loo msebenzi.
Ukuphakama kweMveliso
Ibhokisi yecuba Imveliso ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngeminyaka yoo-1920 okanye “iRoaring 20s” eMelika. Iikheyisi ngokwazo zaba zintle kwaye zathandeka ngakumbi njengoko ixesha leVictorian lalidlula. Njengoko uqoqosho lwalukhula, abantu abaninzi bangena kudidi oluphakathi baza baqalisa ukonwabela ubutyebi ababebuqokelele obuquka ukuthenga iikheyisi kunye neekheyisi zazo.
Ngexesha lokufika kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iGreat Depression yayisele inciphise ithemba leRoaring 20s, kodwa ayizange ithintele ukutshaya icuba njengoko phantse ama-75% abantu abadala babetshaya icuba rhoqo. Ukuthengwa kweebhokisi zecuba kwanda kwaye abo babenandipha icuba elimnandi babelixabisa kakhulu.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini
Amabali amaninzi malunga nendlela isilivere etyheli iikheyisi zecubabasindisa ubomi ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II – ityala limisa okanye ubuncinane linciphisa isantya sembumbulu. Omnye wabasindileyo yayingumlingisi uJames Doohan, odumileyo kwiStar Trek, owathi isikhwama sakhe secuba sithintela imbumbulu ukuba ingangeni esifubeni sakhe.
Iibhokisi zecuba zaziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko ethandwayo, mhlawumbi eyona nto yayibonakala kakhulu kwiifilimu zikaJames Bond zeminyaka yoo-1960. Intlola yayisoloko iphethe ibhokisi yecuba eyayifihla izixhobo okanye izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kurhwebo lwayo. Mhlawumbi umzekelo odumileyo wawukwi-“The Man with the Golden Gun” – ibhokisi yecuba yaba sisixhobo ngokwaso.
Isiphelo seItyala lecuba
Nangona isaveliswa, kuquka nesilivere yesitayile esidumileyoiikheyisi zecuba, ukuphela kokuthandwa kwazo kwafika kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ukudibana kweesuti zemihla ngemihla ezingasasetyenziswayo kwaba negalelo kule ndlela. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwepakethi yecuba eyayingena kakuhle kwipokotho yehempe nako kwanceda ekupheleni kwazo. Indleko yokuthwala impahlaiikheyisi zecubayaba yinto engenakwenzeka. Ekugqibeleni, kukunciphisa abantu ababhema icuba okuye kwaba nefuthe elikhulu ekuthandweni kwabantu iikheyisi zecubaNamhlanje, abantu abadala abangaphantsi kwama-25% eMelika kuphela batshaya icuba. Oku kuthetha ukuba imfuno yamatyala nayo yehle kakhulu.
Ukuphinda Uvuke
Nangona kunjalo, bekukho ukuphinda kuvele okwethutyanaiikheyisi zecubaeYurophu, kuquka nezo zenziwe ngesilivere eqaqambileyo. Oku kwenzeke kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-21. Ngenxa yokuba i-European Union yayibeka iileyibhile ezinkulu zesilumkiso kwiipakethe zecuba, iikesi zabuya kwakhona. Abantu babekwazi ukuphatha iicuba zabo ngaphandle kokubona iileyibhile zesilumkiso ngaphandle.
Sekunjalo, le nkqubo yexesha likaVictorian yaqala ukulahlekelwa yinjongo yayo kubantu bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, isasoloko iyinto exabisekileyo yomqokeleli kwaye iyisipho esihle kumntu otshaya icuba. Ingakumbi umntu otshaya icuba onxibe isuti okanye otshaya iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga. Kubaqokeleli kukho iimodeli zenkulungwane ye-19 ezixabisekileyo ngenxa yoyilo lwazo oluhle olubonisa amaxesha adlulileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-26-2025