Izinto ezincinci zihlala zingacocekanga ngexesha lokugcina nokuthutha, kwaye izinto ezininzi zihlala zihlanganiswa ngokwemigaqo ethile. Ukupakisha ibhokisi yokubonisa ehlanganisiweyo ngaphambi kokuqengqeleka kubhekisa ekuqokeleleni iziqwenga ezininzi ezincinci zeempahla ezipakishiweyo okanye ezingapakishwanga kwiyunithi enkulu yemithwalo enokuphakanyiselwa okanye ifukwe ngefolokhwe ngesikhongozeli ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisa oomatshini bokulayisha, ukukhupha nokuphatha imisebenzi. Izikhongozeli zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintandathu ngokweemilo zazo: izikhongozeli ezihlanganisiweyo, izikhongozeli zepalethi, iingxowa zezikhongozeli, iminatha yezikhongozeli kunye nezikhongozeli. Injongo yokupakisha izikhongozeli kukugcina amandla abasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukuthutha kunyeibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaiindleko zokupakisha iimpahla.
Ibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaindlela yokupakisha
Ukubopha kunye nokufaka iikhonteyina yindlela yokupakisha edibeneyo esebenzisa izinto zokubopha ukudibanisa iimpahla ezifana neemveliso zesinyithi, umthi, okanye iipakethe ezincinci kwiyunithi yokuthutha idatha ezimeleyo. Umfanekiso 7-17 ubonisa ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zokubopha kunye nokufaka iikhonteyina. Olu phakejiibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaLe nkqubo isebenzisa izinto zokupakisha ezincinci, inexabiso eliphantsi, kulula ukuyigcina, ukuyilayisha, ukuyithutha, kunye nokuyithutha, kwaye inemisebenzi yokuvala, ukuvala, ukulwa nokubiwa, kunye nokuthintela izinto ukuba zingalahleki okanye zidilike.
Izinto zokubambelela ezisetyenziswa rhoqoibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqa
Izinto zokubhinca ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ucingo lwentsimbi, imitya yentsimbi, ipolyester, inylon, ipolyethylene, ipolypropylene, ipolyvinyl chloride kunye nezinye imitya yeplastiki yokubhinca kunye nemitya yokubhinca eqinisiweyo. Ucingo lwentsimbi lusetyenziswa kakhulu ukubopha izinto eziqinileyo ezifana neeprofayili zesinyithi, iipayipi, izitena, iibhokisi zomthi, njl. Xa ubopha iibhokisi zomthi, ziya kufakwa emaphethelweni nakwiikona zeebhokisi zomthi. Imitya yentsimbi luhlobo lokubhinca olunamandla aphezulu okubhinca. Zinesantya esincinci sokwandisa kwaye azichaphazeleki zizinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kunye nobushushu. Zinezakhono ezibalaseleyo zokugcina uxinzelelo kwaye zinokumelana noxinzelelo lwezinto ezixineneyo ezinamandla aphezulu, kodwa zinomngcipheko wokugqwala. Iibhanti zepolyester zinamandla aphezulu okubhinca kunye nokumelana nempembelelo, iimpawu ezilungileyo zokubuyisela i-elastic kunye nokukwazi ukugcina uxinzelelo, ukumelana kakuhle kweekhemikhali, kunye nokugcinwa okuhle kwexesha elide. Zingatshintsha iibhanti zentsimbi ukuze zipakishweibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaIzinto ezinzima. Iintambo zenayiloni ziyanwebeka, ziqinile, zinokumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, zimelana nokugoba, zimelana namanzi, zimelana neekhemikhali, kwaye zilula ngobunzima. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni nasekupakisheni izinto ezinzima, iipalethi, njl. Iintambo zepolyethylene zizixhobo ezilungileyo zokubopha kwimisebenzi yezandla. Zimelana namanzi kakuhle kwaye zifanelekile ekubopheni iimveliso zezolimo ezinomthamo ophezulu wokufuma. Zinokugcina imo ethembekileyo nezinzileyo, zizinzile kwindawo yokugcina, kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Ibhanti yepolypropylene ilula kwaye ithambile, inamandla aphezulu, ayimelani namanzi.
Ipalethi sisixhobo sesikhongozeli esisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela impahla ngendlela ethile kwaye sinokulayishwa, sithuthwe kwaye sithuthwe.ibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqayindlela yokupakisha edibeneyo edibanisa iipakeji okanye iimpahla ezininzi zibe yiyunithi yokuphatha ezimeleyo ngendlela ethile. Ifanelekile kwimisebenzi yokuthutha yokulayisha nokukhupha impahla ngoomatshini, inceda ulawulo lwanamhlanje lweendawo zokugcina impahla, kwaye inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokulayisha nokukhupha impahla kunye nokuthutha impahla. Inqanaba lolawulo lweendawo zokugcina impahla.
1. Ibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqainkqubo yokupakisha ipallet
(1) Ukupakishwa kwepalethiibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqakunye neempawu zayo Iingenelo zokupakisha iipalethi kukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi, ukupakishwa okugudileyo nokuzinzileyo, okunokuthintela isiganeko sokuba iipakethi ziwele kwiibhokisi ngexesha lokugcina, ukulayisha, ukukhupha, ukuhambisa kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokujikeleza. Ifanelekile ukulayisha, ukukhupha kunye nokuthutha oomatshini abakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuthembela kubasebenzi kunye noomatshini abancinci ukulayisha nokukhupha iipakethi ezincinci, ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunokuphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye kunokunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okungqubana, ukuwa, ukulahla kunye nokuphathwa gwenxa kweempahla ngexesha lokugcina, ukulayisha nokukhupha, ukuthutha kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokujikeleza, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuhamba kwemithwalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukupakisha iipalethi kwandisa iindleko zokuvelisa iipalethi kunye nokugcinwa kwazo, kwaye kufuna ukuthengwa koomatshini bokuphatha abafanelekileyo. Izibalo ezifanelekileyo zibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa ukupakisha iipalethiibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaEndaweni yokupakisha kokuqala kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokujikeleza, kubandakanya ukuncitshiswa kwama-45% kwizixhobo zasekhaya, ukuncitshiswa kwama-60% kwimveliso yephepha, ukuncitshiswa kwama-55% kwivenkile yokutya, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwe-15% kwiglasi ethe tyaba kunye nezitena ezirhabaxa.
(2) Iindlela zokubeka iipalethi ngokubanzi kukho iindlela ezine zokubeka iipalethi, ezizezi: uhlobo olulula lokujonga kwakhona, uhlobo oluphambili nolungasemva olunezingqimba, uhlobo olunqamlezileyo kunye nohlobo olujikelezayo olunezingqimba, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7-18. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubeka iipalethi zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo, ekufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemeko ethile.
Kwi-stacking elula edibeneyo, iimpahla kwi-layer nganye zicwangciswe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa akukho cross-overlap. Iimpahla zihlala zahlulwa ngokulula ngobude, azinazinzo luhle, kwaye zifuna amandla aphezulu okuxinwa komaleko osezantsi weempahla. Ngokwembono yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-stacking kunye nokunika amandla okuxinwa kokupakisha, i-stacking elula edibeneyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufaka i-stacking. Iipateni zokufaka i-stacking zee-odd-number layers kunye nee-even-number layers ze-stacking zangaphambili nangasemva ezi-staggered zahlukile nge-180°. Ukudibana phakathi kwee-layers kulungile, kwaye uzinzo lwe-pallet cargo luphezulu. Le ndlela yokufaka i-stacking isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-pallets eziziingxande, kwaye ubude nobubanzi beempahla buyi-ratio yi-3:2 okanye i-6:5. Ii-odd and even numbered layers ze-criss-cross stacking zi-stacking kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo. Izikhokelo zeepateni zokufaka i-stacking zee-layers ezimbini ezikufutshane zahlukile nge-90°. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-pallets zesikwere. Kwi-stacking edibeneyo, xa kufakwa i-stacking nganye umaleko, indlela itshintshwa ngama-90° ukuze kwenziwe i-overlap ukuqinisekisa uzinzo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iziko lithanda ukungxungwa, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa komphezulu we-pallet, le ndlela yokufaka i-stacking isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-square pallets. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunzululwazi kunye nokhuseleko lokufaka iimpahla kwii-pallets ngendlela ethile, xa kuyilo lwe-pallet packing, kuyimfuneko ukubhekisa kwi-CB4892 standard yesizwe ethi “Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series” esekwe kuhlobo lweempahla, ubunzima bomthwalo we-pallet kunye nobukhulu, njl. njl. “, GB 13201 “Rigid Cylinder Transportation Packaging Dimension Series” kunye ne-GB 13757 “Bag Transportation Packaging Dimension Series” kunye neminye imigangatho yokumisela ngokufanelekileyo indlela yokufaka iimpahla kwi-pallet, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa komphezulu we-pallet ngokubanzi alikho ngaphantsi kwama-80%.
Imigaqo esisiseko yokukhetha iindlela zokufaka iipalethi zezi:
① Iimpahla eziqinileyo eziziingxande ezifana nezikhongozeli zomthi, iphepha kunye nesinyithi kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela enye okanye ezininzi ezibekwe ngendlela efanayo kwaye zilungiswe ngepakethe eyoluliweyo okanye ipakethe encitshisiweyo; ② Iimpahla zephepha okanye zefayibha Sebenzisa i-stacking enye okanye ezininzi ezibekwe ngendlela efanayo kunye ne-cross-sealing nge-strapping tape; ③ Izikhongozeli zesinyithi ezivaliweyo kunye nezinye iimpahla ezisilinda kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela enye okanye ezininzi ezibekwe ngendlela efanayo kwaye ziqiniswe ngezigqubuthelo zomthi; ④ Ayinamswakama, ayinamanzi, njl. Iimveliso zephepha ezikhuselayo kunye neempahla kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye zibekwe ngendlela efanayo, kwaye zisebenzise ipakethe eyoluliweyo, ipakethe encitshisiweyo okanye ukongeza izixhasi zeekona, izigqubuthelo kunye nezinye izakhiwo zokuqinisa; ⑤ Iimpahla ezibuthathaka kufuneka zibekwe ngendlela enye okanye ezininzi, kunye nezixhasi zomthi ezongeziweyo isakhiwo sokwahlulahlula; ⑥ Izikhongozeli zebhotile yesinyithi okanye iimpahla zibekwe ngokuthe nkqo kumaleko omnye ukuze kwandiswe
Isakhiwo siqiniswe ngeefreyimu zemithwalo kunye neeslats; ⑦ Iingxowa zeempahla zihlala zipakishwe ngendlela ejikelezayo neyangaphambili. Kwipakethe yeepali, imveliso yokupakisha esezantsi ithwala umthwalo oxinzelelweyo weempahla eziphezulu, kwaye iimeko zoxinzelelo lwexesha elide ziya kubangela ukuba isikhongozeli sokupakisha okanye izinto zirhubuluze, nto leyo echaphazela uzinzo lwepakethe yeepali. Ke ngoko, xa uyila ukupakisha iipali, kuyimfuneko ukujonga amandla okufaka iipali zeepali kwaye uqwalasele iimpawu zokurhubuluza kweepali zeepali okanye izinto zokupakisha ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweempahla ngexesha lokugcina nokuthutha.
(3) Indlela yokulungisa iipalethi Ngexesha lenkqubo yokugcina nokuthutha iimpahla ezifakwe iipalethi, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwazo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokubopha ukuze zingawi. Kwiimveliso ezifuna iimfuno zokumelana nokufuma kunye nokungangeni manzi, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Iindlela zokulungisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ekupakisheni iipalethiibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaziquka ukubopha, ukuncamathisela, ukusonga, kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisa ezikhuselayo, njl.njl., ezingasetyenziswa kunye. Iindlela zokubopha kunye nokubopha zihlala zisebenzisa imitya yesinyithi kunye nemitya yeplastiki kwiipakethe zemitya ezithe tye nezithe nkqo kunye neepalethi ukuthintela iimveliso ezipakishiweyo ukuba zingashukumi ngexesha lokuthuthwa. () (e) Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7-19, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa iipalethi. Kwipakethi yepalethi engekakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokupakishwa kokuthuthaibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaemva kokuba zilungisiwe, izixhobo zokuqinisa ezikhuselayo kufuneka zikhethwe njengoko kufuneka. Izixhobo zokuqinisa ezikhuselayo zenziwe ngephepha, iplastiki yomthi, isinyithi okanye ezinye izinto.
2.Ibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaindlela yoyilo lokupakisha iipalethi
Ubungakanani beepallet bubekwe emgangathweni. Ukuqinisekisa isiphumo sokupakisha iipallet, ukupakisha kwebhokisi yeemveliso kufuneka kudityaniswe ngokufanelekileyo. Umgangatho wokupakisha iipallet uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lweemveliso ezipakishiweyo kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukupakisha iipallet ngokufanelekileyo kunokuphucula umgangatho nokhuseleko lokupakisha, kukhawulezise ukuhanjiswa kwezinto, kwaye kunciphise iindleko zothutho kunye nokupakisha. Kukho iindlela ezimbini zoyilo zokupakisha iipallet: "ngaphakathi-ngaphandle" kunye "nangaphandle-ngaphakathi".
(1) Indlela yoyilo "ngaphakathi-ngaphandle" kukuyila ukupakisha kwangaphakathi, ukupakisha kwangaphandle kunye nepalethi ngokulandelelana ngokobungakanani besakhiwo semveliso. Imveliso ipakishwa kwiipakethi ezincinci ngokulandelelana ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenzela yemveliso, ize emva koko ngokweepakethi ezincinci ezininzi okanye ezinkulu. Khetha iibhokisi zokupakisha ngokusekelwe kukupakisha ngakunye.ibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqa, uze udibanise iibhokisi zokupakisha ezikhethiweyo kwiipallet, uze uzithuthele kubasebenzisi. Inkqubo yoyilo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 7-20. Ngokobungakanani bepakeji yangaphandle, indlela ebekwa ngayo kwipallet inokumiselwa. Ekubeni kukho iindlela ezininzi zokufaka iibhokisi ezirhabaxa zobukhulu obuthile kwiplani yepallet, kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukhethe isisombululo esifanelekileyo.
Xa kuyilwa ukupakisha iipallet, kufuneka kulandelwe imodulus yokupakisha eyaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela ye-rigid cuboid [600, 400], kwaye kufuneka kulandelwe imilinganiselo [1200, 800] kunye ne [12001000] kwi-GB2934 standard yesizwe "Ubukhulu obuPhambili kunye nokunyamezelana kweePallets eziPhangaleleyo ze-Universal Flat Transport" esemgangathweni. Iipallets ezilandelelanayo ukuze zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo indawo yomphezulu wepallet kwaye zinciphise iindleko zokupakisha nezokuthutha. Uyilo lokupakisha iipallet ezinkulu lunokugqitywa kusetyenziswa isoftware yoyilo lokupakisha iipallet stacking.
3. Ibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaiteknoloji yokupakisha izikhongozeli
Ipalethi sisikhongozeli esifana nesakhelo esinamandla kwaye sifanelekile ngokukodwa ukupakisha iimveliso ezinzima ezinezakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neebhetshi ezinkulu. Ezinye iimveliso zinebhetshi ezinkulu kunye neemilo ezintsonkothileyo kwaye azinakufakwa kwiipalethi. Ulwakhiwo lwesakhelo ludla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi, ngomthi okanye ngezinye izinto. Umsebenzi walo kukulungisa nokukhusela izinto, kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo ezincedisayo zokuphakamisa, ukuphakamisa ifolokhwe kunye nokubeka iimveliso emva kokuhlanganiswa. Olu hlobo lwesakhelo lubizwa ngokuba yipalethi, enokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye isetyenziswe ixesha elide.
Isikhongozeli yibhokisi enkulu yokuthutha impahla kunye nesikhongozeli esikhulu sokupakisha iimveliso zokupakisha iikhonteyina. Ngokwesiqhelo iveliswa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuthutha iikhonteyina kuneengenelo ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto kunezinye iindlela zokuthutha kwaye kube yindlela ephambili yokuthutha imithwalo kwihlabathi liphela.
IKomiti yoBugcisa beeContainer ye-ISO/TC104 ye-International Organisation for Standardization ichaza i-container njenge-"container enokusetyenziswa kwakhona ixesha elide kwaye inamandla aneleyo; ingadluliselwa ngexesha lokuhamba ngaphandle kokuhambisa iimpahla kwi-container, ingatshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo, ingalayishwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhutshwe, kwaye ingadluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwindlela yokuthutha. Idluliselwa ngokulula kwenye indlela yokuthutha, elula ukuzalisa nokukhupha iimpahla, kunye ne-container yokuthutha enomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-1m." Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwahlulahlula izikhongozeli, kwaye zahlulwe zibe zizikhongozeli ze-aluminium, izikhongozeli zentsimbi kunye nezikhongozeli ze-fiberglass ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. . Ngokwesakhiwo, zahlulwe zibe zizikhongozeli zeentsika, izikhongozeli ezisongwayo, izikhongozeli ze-thin-shell kunye nezikhongozeli zesakhelo. Ngokwenjongo, zahlulwe zibe zizikhongozeli eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo. Izikhongozeli zeenjongo ngokubanzi, oko kukuthi, izikhongozeli zemithwalo eyomileyo ngokubanzi, zezona zikhongozeli zisetyenziswa kakhulu ezinezinga eliphezulu lokulinganisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimveliso zoshishino ezigqityiweyo okanye iipakethe ezingadingi mgaqo wobushushu. Izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo zizikhongozeli ezineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zeepakeji okanye iimpahla ezithile, ezifana nezikhongozeli ezinkulu, izikhongozeli ezivulekileyo phezulu, izikhongozeli ezifrijiweyo, izikhongozeli ezigqunyiweyo, izikhongozeli ezingenisa umoya, izikhongozeli ezisecaleni ezivulekileyo ngokupheleleyo, izikhongozeli zerakhi yeplate, izikhongozeli zetanki, kunye nezikhongozeli ezibiyelweyo.
Ukupakishwa kwesikhongozeliibhokisi yokubonisa ngaphambi kokugoqaItekhnoloji ibandakanya ikakhulu ukulungiswa kwesicwangciso sokugcina imithwalo kwiikhonteyina, ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuthutha kunye nendlela yokunikezela ngemithwalo.
njl. Ngeemfuno ezifanelekileyo, nceda ujonge imigangatho yokuthutha iikhonteyina.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-22-2024