Izinto ezincinci zivame ukuba zimdaka ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha, kwaye izinto ezininzi zihlala ziqokelelwa ndawonye ngokwemigaqo ethile.Ukupakishwa kwebhokisi yokubonisa umqulu odityanisiweyo wangaphambi komqulu ubhekiselele kuqokelelo lwamaqhekeza amaninzi amancinane eempahla ezipakishiweyo okanye ezingapakishwanga zibe yiyunithi enkulu yomthwalo enokunyuswa okanye ifakwe ngefolokhwe ngesingxobo ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa koomatshini ekulayisheni, ekukhupheni nasekuphatheni imisebenzi.Izikhongozeli zingohlulwa ngokweendidi ezintandathu ngokwemilo yazo: izikhongozeli ezidityanisiweyo, izikhongozeli zeepaleti, iingxowa zesikhongozeli, inethi zezikhongozeli kunye nezikhongozeli.Injongo yokupakishwa kweekhonteyina kukugcina abasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa ukuthutha kunyeibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliiindleko zokupakishwa kwempahla.
Ibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliindlela yokupakisha
I-bundling kunye ne-containerization yindlela yokupakisha edibeneyo esebenzisa izinto zokubopha ukudibanisa iimpahla ezifana neemveliso zetsimbi, ukhuni, okanye iipakethi ezincinci zibe yiyunithi yokuthutha idatha ezimeleyo.Umzobo 7-17 ubonisa ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubopha kunye ne-container.Le ukupakishwaibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliInkqubo idla izinto zokupakisha ezincinci, inexabiso eliphantsi, kulula ukuyigcina, ukulayishwa, ukukhulula, kunye nokuthutha, kwaye inemisebenzi yokutywina, ukutywina, ukuchasana nobusela, kunye nokuthintela izinto ekulahlekeni okanye ukudilika.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubophaibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambili
Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukubopha ziquka ucingo lwentsimbi, iintambo zentsimbi, i-polyester, inayiloni, i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride kunye nezinye iintambo zeplastiki kunye neentambo zokubopha eziqiniweyo.Iingcingo zentsimbi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni izinto ezomeleleyo ezifana neeprofayili zentsimbi, imibhobho, izitena, iibhokisi zomthi, njalo njalo.Imitya yentsimbi luhlobo lokubopha ngeyona ndlela iphakamileyo yokuqina.Banomlinganiselo omncinci wokwandisa kwaye ngokusisiseko abachatshazelwa zizinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kunye nobushushu.Banobuchule obugqwesileyo bokugcina uxinezeleko kwaye banokumelana noxinzelelo lwempahla ecinezelekileyo ephezulu, kodwa bathanda ukurusa.Amabhanti e-polyester anamandla aphezulu okuxinana kunye nokuxhathisa impembelelo, iipropathi ezilungileyo zokubuyisela i-elastic kunye nokukwazi ukugcina uxinzelelo, ukuchasana kakuhle kweekhemikhali, kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle kwexesha elide.Banokuthi batshintshe iibhanti zensimbi zokupakishaibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliizinto ezinzima.Imitya yenayiloni iyalastiki, yomelele, inokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ukugoba ukugoba, ukuxhathisa kwamanzi, ukuxhathisa imichiza, kwaye inobunzima obulula.Ikakhulu zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa kunye nokupakishwa kwezinto ezinzima, iipalethi, njl njl. Iintambo ze-polyethylene zizixhobo ezigqwesileyo zokubopha kwimisebenzi yezandla.Ziyakwazi ukumelana namanzi kwaye zifanelekile ukubopha iimveliso zezolimo ezinomthamo ophezulu wokufuma.Bangakwazi ukugcina imilo ethembekileyo kunye nezinzile, zizinzile kwisitoreji, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Ibhanti ye-polypropylene ilula kwaye ithambile, inamandla amakhulu, ayinamanzi.
Iphalethi sisixhobo sesikhongozeli esisetyenziselwa ukupakisha iimpahla ngohlobo oluthile kwaye zinokulayishwa, zothulwe kwaye zithuthwe.Ukupakishwa kwePalletibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliyindlela yokupakisha edibeneyo edibanisa iipakethe ezininzi okanye iimpahla zibe yiyunithi yokuphatha ezimeleyo ngendlela ethile.Ilungele ukulayishwa komatshini kunye nemisebenzi yothutho yothutho, iququzelela ulawulo lwendawo yokugcina impahla, kwaye inokuphucula kakhulu ukulayishwa nokukhulula kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwempahla.Inqanaba lolawulo logcino.
1. Ibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliinkqubo yokupakisha ipallet
(1) Ukupakishwa kwePalletibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambilikunye neempawu zayo Iingenelo zokupakishwa kwepaleti zisebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi, ukupakisha okugudileyo kunye nokuzinza, okunokuphepha ukwenzeka kweepakethi eziwela kwiibhokisi ngexesha lokugcinwa, ukulayishwa, ukukhulula, ukuthuthwa kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokujikeleza.Ilungele ukulayishwa, ukukhulula kunye nokuthuthwa koomatshini abakhulu.Xa kuthelekiswa nokuxhomekeka kubasebenzi kunye noomatshini abancinci ukuba balayishe kwaye bakhuphe iipakethi ezincinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kunokuphuculwa kakhulu, kwaye kunokunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okungqubana, ukuwa, ukulahla kunye nokuphathwa kakubi kwempahla ngexesha lokugcinwa, ukulayishwa kunye nokuthuthwa, ukuthuthwa kunye ezinye iinkqubo zokujikeleza, eziqinisekisa uKhuseleko lokuguquguquka kwempahla.Nangona kunjalo, ukupakishwa kwe-pallet kwandisa iindleko zemveliso ye-pallet kunye nokugcinwa, kwaye kufuna ukuthengwa koomatshini bokuphatha abahambelanayo.Izibalo ezifanelekileyo zibonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa ukupakishwa kwe-palletibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliendaweni yokupakishwa kwasekuqaleni kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokujikeleza, kubandakanywa ukucuthwa kwe-45% kwimpahla yasekhaya, i-60% yokunciphisa iimveliso zephepha, i-55% yokunciphisa i-grocery, kunye ne-15% yokunciphisa i-glass flat kunye nezitena ezilahlayo.
(2) Iindlela zokupakisha ipalethi Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iindlela ezine zokupakishwa kwepalethi, ezizezi, uhlobo lokujonga kwakhona, udidi oluya phambili nolubuyela umva, uhlobo lwecrisscross kunye nohlobo olujikelezayo lokupakisha, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7-18.Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokupakisha zineenzuzo zabo kunye nokungonakali, ekufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemeko ethile.
Kwi-stacking elula yokugqithiswa, iimpahla kuluhlu ngalunye zicwangciswe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa akukho-cross-overlap.Iimpahla zihlala zohlulwa ngokulula ngobude, azinzinzi kakuhle, kwaye zifuna amandla acinezelayo aphezulu kumaleko asezantsi empahla.Ukusuka kwimbono yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-stacking kunye nokubonelela ngokudlala ngokupheleleyo kumandla acinezelayo wokupakisha, ukupakisha okulula kokupakisha yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokupakisha.Iipateni zokupakisha zamanani angaqhelekanga kunye neereyiti ezinamanani alinganayo okuqhubela phambili kunye ne-reverse staggered staggered yi-180 ° eyahlukileyo.Ukugqithisa phakathi kwemigangatho kulungile, kwaye ukuzinza kwempahla ye-pallet kuphezulu.Le ndlela yokupakisha isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipalethi ezixande, kunye nobude nobubanzi bempahla Umlinganiselo ngu-3:2 okanye 6:5.Iileya ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezinamanani ze-criss-cross stacking zipakishwe kumacala ahlukeneyo.Izikhokelo zeepatheni zokupakisha zemigangatho emibini emeleneyo ziyahluka nge-90 °.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu iipaliti zesikwere.Kwi-stacking stacking, xa ubeka uluhlu ngalunye, isalathiso sitshintshwa ngu-90 ° ukwenza ukugqithelana ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iziko lixhomekeke kwimingxuma, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa komphezulu we-pallet, le ndlela yokupakisha isetyenziselwa kakhulu iipallets zesikwere. .Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubunzululwazi kunye nokhuseleko lokupakisha iimpahla kwiipallets ngendlela ethile, xa uyila ukupakishwa kwepallet, kuyimfuneko ukubhekisela kumgangatho wesizwe we-CB4892 "Rigid Cuboid Transport Packaging Dimension Series Series" ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwempahla, umthwalo wepallet. ubunzima kunye nobukhulu, njl. ", GB 13201 "Rigid Cylinder Transportation Packaging Dimension Series Series" kunye ne-GB 13757 "I-Bag Transportation Packaging Dimension Series Series" kunye neminye imigangatho yokumisela ngokufanelekileyo indlela yokupakisha impahla kwi-pallet, kunye nesantya sokusetyenziswa kwe-pallet. ngokubanzi hayi ngaphantsi kwama-80%.
Imigaqo esisiseko yokukhetha iindlela zokupakisha ipallet yile:
① Izinto eziluxande eziqinileyo ezifana nezikhongozeli zeplanga, zephepha kunye nezentsimbi kufuneka zipakishwe ngendlela enye okanye imigangatho emininzi egxadazayo kwaye ilungiswe ngokupakishwa okanye ukupakishwa okucuthekayo;② Iphepha okanye iimpahla zefayibha Sebenzisa ukupakishwa okukodwa okanye koluhlu oluninzi kunye nokutywinwa okunqamlezayo ngeteyiphu yokubopha;③ Izikhongozeli zentsimbi ezitywiniweyo kunye nezinye iimpahla ezisilinda kufuneka zipakishwe ngohlobo olunye okanye uluhlu oluninzi lwesitayile esigxadazayo kwaye zomelezwe ngamagquma amaplanga;④ Ubungqina bokufuma, ukungenwa kwamanzi, njl njl. Iimveliso zephepha ezikhuselayo kunye nempahla yangaphandle kufuneka ipakishwe ngokwemigangatho emininzi kwaye igxadazele, kwaye isebenzise ukupakishwa okunwebekayo, ukupakishwa okucuthekayo okanye ukongeza izixhaso zekona, izigqubuthelo kunye nezinye izinto zokuqinisa;⑤ Impahla eethe-ethe kufuneka ifunjwe kwimigangatho enye okanye emininzi, kunye nezixhaso zomthi ezongeziweyo;⑥ Izikhongozeli zeebhotile zentsimbi okanye iimpahla zibekwe ngokuthe nkqo kumaleko omnye ukwandisa
Isakhiwo siqiniswa ngeefreyimu zempahla kunye nee-slats;⑦ Iingxowa zempahla ubukhulu becala zipakishwe ngendlela eya phambili nengasemva.Kwipakethi ye-pallet, imveliso yokupakisha ezantsi ithwala umthwalo ocinezelayo wempahla ephezulu, kunye neemeko zokunyanzeliswa kwexesha elide ziya kubangela ukuba isitya sokupakisha okanye izinto eziphathekayo, ezichaphazela ukuzinza kwepalethi yokupakisha.Ke ngoko, xa uyila ukupakishwa kwepallet, kuyafuneka ukuba ujonge amandla okupakisha kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha kwaye uqwalasele iipropathi zokukhwela kwezikhongozeli zokupakisha okanye izinto zokupakisha ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwempahla ngexesha lokugcinwa nokuthutha.
(3) Indlela yokulungisa i-pallet Ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha i-pallet-loaded unit goods, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwayo, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuqinisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukukhusela ukuba zingawa.Kwiimveliso ezifuna iimfuno zobungqina bokufuma kunye nokungena kwamanzi, amanyathelo ahambelanayo kufuneka athathwe.Iindlela zokulungisa eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kwe-palletibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambilizibandakanya ukudibanisa, ukuncamathela, ukusonga, kunye nezincedisi zokuqinisa ezikhuselayo, njl., ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokubambisana.Iindlela zokudibanisa kunye nokuqinisa ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa iintambo zetsimbi kunye nemitya yeplastiki ukuya ngokuthe tye kwaye ngokuthe nkqo ukubopha iipakethi kunye neepalethi ukukhusela iimveliso ezipakishweyo ukuba zingashukumi ngexesha lokuthutha.() (e) Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 7-19, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa i-pallet.Ngokupakishwa kwepalethi engekakwazi ukuhlangabezana nepakethi yezothuthoibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliiimfuno emva kokulungiswa, izixhobo zokuqinisa ezikhuselayo kufuneka zikhethwe njengoko zifuneka.Izixhobo zokuqinisa ezikhuselayo zenziwe ngephepha, iplastiki yomthi, isinyithi okanye ezinye izinto.
2.Ibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliindlela yoyilo lokupakisha ipallet
Ubungakanani beepalati buye balinganisa.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumo wokupakisha i-pallet, ibhokisi yokupakisha yeemveliso kufuneka idibaniswe ngokufanelekileyo.Umgangatho wokupakisha i-pallet uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lweemveliso ezipakishweyo kwinkqubo yokujikeleza.Ukupakishwa kwe-pallet efanelekileyo kunokuphucula umgangatho wokupakisha kunye nokhuseleko, ukukhawulezisa ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuhamba kunye nokupakisha.Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokuyila ukupakishwa kwepallet: "ngaphakathi-ngaphandle" kunye "ngaphandle-ngaphakathi".
(1) Indlela yokuyila "ngaphakathi-ngaphandle" kukuyila ukupakishwa kwangaphakathi, ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kunye ne-pallet ngokulandelelana ngokobukhulu besakhiwo semveliso.Imveliso ipakishwe kwiipakethe ezincinci ngokulandelelanayo ukusuka kwiworkshop yemveliso, kwaye ngoko ngokweepakethe ezincinci ezininzi okanye iisayizi ezinkulu Khetha iibhokisi zokupakisha ezisekwe kwipakethe nganye.ibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambili, emva koko hlanganisa iibhokisi zokupakisha ezikhethiweyo kwiipalethi, kwaye emva koko uzithuthele kubasebenzisi.Inkqubo yoyilo iboniswe kuMfanekiso 7-20.Ngokutsho kobukhulu bepakethe yangaphandle, indlela efakwe ngayo kwi-pallet inokumiselwa.Ekubeni kukho iindlela ezininzi zokupakisha iibhokisi ze-corrugated zobungakanani obuthile kwi-pallet plane, kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukhethe isisombululo esona sisombululo.
Xa uyila ukupakishwa kwepalethi, imodyuli yokupakisha eyaziwa kwihlabathi jikelele yecuboid eqinileyo [600, 400] kufuneka ilandelwe, kunye nemilinganiselo [1200, 800] kunye [12001000] kumgangatho wesizwe we-GB2934 “Ubungakanani obuPhakamileyo kunye noNyamezelo lwePallet yeHlabathi jikelele. I-Intermodal Transport” kufuneka ikhethwe.Iipaliti zechungechunge ukwenza ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwendawo ye-pallet kunye nokunciphisa ukupakishwa kunye neendleko zokupakisha zokuthutha.Uyilo lokupakisha lwephalethi olunomthamo omkhulu lunokugqityezelwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yokupakisha yokupakisha yokupakisha.
3. Ibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliiteknoloji yokupakisha isikhongozeli
I-pallet yi-container-type-container enamandla amakhulu kwaye ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukupakisha iimveliso ezinobunzima kunye nezakhiwo ezinzima kunye neebhetshi ezinkulu.Ezinye iimveliso zineebhetshi ezinkulu kunye neemilo ezinzima kwaye azikwazi ukupakishwa kwiipaliti.Isakhiwo sesakhelo ngokuqhelekileyo senziwe ngetsimbi, umthi okanye ezinye izinto.Umsebenzi wayo kukulungisa nokukhusela izinto, kunye nokubonelela ngezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokunyusa, i-forklifting kunye nokupakishwa kweemveliso emva kokuhlanganisana.Olu hlobo lolwakhiwo lwesakhelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-pallet, enokuthi isetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona ixesha elide.
Isikhongozeli yibhokisi enkulu yengeniso kunye nebhokisi enkulu yokupakisha yeemveliso zokupakisha zesikhongozeli.Ngokuqhelekileyo iveliswa kwaye isetyenziswe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.Ukuthuthwa komgqomo kuneengenelo ezingenakuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zothutho kwaye iye yaba yeyona ndlela iphambili yothutho lwempahla kwihlabathi liphela.
I-ISO/TC104 Container Technical Committee ye-International Organisation for Standardization ichaza isikhongozeli “njengesitya esinokuphinda sisetyenziswe ixesha elide kwaye sinamandla aneleyo;inokuhanjiswa ngexesha lokuhamba ngaphandle kokuhambisa iimpahla kwi-container, ingatshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo, ilayishwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye yothulwe, kwaye inokudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwindlela yokuthutha Ngokufanelekileyo idluliselwe kwenye indlela yokuthutha, ekulungele ukugcwalisa kunye nokukhupha iimpahla, kunye nesitya sothutho esinomthamo ongaphezulu kwe-1m.Zininzi iindlela zokwahlulahlula izikhongozeli, kwaye zahlulahlulwe zaba zizikhongozeli zealuminiyam, izikhongozeli zentsimbi kunye nezikhongozeli zefiberglass ngokwemathiriyeli..Ngokwesakhiwo, zahlulahlulwe zaba zizikhongozeli zentsika, izikhongozeli ezisongayo, izikhongozeli ezinamaqokobhe amancinci kunye nezikhongozeli zefreyimu.Ngokwenjongo, zihlulwe zibe zizikhongozeli eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo.Izikhongozeli zenjongo ngokubanzi, oko kukuthi, izikhongozeli zomthwalo owomileyo ngokubanzi, zezona zikhongozeli zisetyenziswa kakhulu ezinomgangatho ophezulu wokubekwa emgangathweni.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha iimveliso zamashishini ezigqityiweyo okanye iipakethi ezingadingi ukulawulwa kweqondo lokushisa.Izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo zizikhongozeli ezineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zeepakethe okanye iimpahla ezithile, njengezikhongozeli ezininzi, izikhongozeli ezivulekileyo phezulu, izikhongozeli ezifakwe efrijini, izikhongozeli ezigqunyiweyo, izikhongozeli ezifakwa umoya, izikhongozeli ezivuleke ngokupheleleyo ezisecaleni, izingxobo zokubeka iipleyiti, izikhongozeli zetanki nezibiyelweyo.yima.
Ukupakishwa kwesikhongozeliibhokisi yokubonisa yangaphambiliitekhnoloji ikakhulu ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwesicwangciso sokugcinwa kwempahla, ukhetho lwendlela yothutho kunye nendlela yokuhanjiswa kwempahla
njl. Ngeemfuno ezifanelekileyo, nceda ujonge imigangatho yothutho lwekhonteyina.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-22-2024